Installing scratchbox 1 and 2 for ARM cross-compilation

Hi,

I’ve tried many different cross-compilation methods and so far scratchbox is the simplest and most effective. Here I’ll try to introduce the benefits of using it, and how to get started as simply as possible.

Intro

If you are not familiar with scratchbox; it’s a cross-compilation toolkit which allows you to use native tools (gcc, binutils, perl) when possible and emulate the target through qemu when needed.

It’s needed because of autotools; have you seen these checks?
checking whether the C compiler works... yes

The configure script actually compiles a small program and then runs it to validate it’s working, and sometimes extract information, such a the size of certain structures which might be different depending on the platform. If you tell ‘configure’ that you are cross-compiling it will go through a different path (which is much less tested) and ultimately will end up with wrong information that you need to correct.

OpenEmbedded and other distributions go through each and every package, make sure cross-compilation works, sometimes patching configure.ac, and often providing some information that normally would be obtained by running some test program.

This is an example of a typical GLib cross-compilation
./configure ---host=arm-linux --build=i386-linux

You’ll see something like:

checking whether the C compiler works... yes
checking whether we are cross compiling... yes

And then:

checking for growing stack pointer... configure: error: in `glib-2.20.3':
configure: error: cannot run test program while cross compiling

Of course, ‘configure’ has no way of knowing whether the stack grows on this particular platform. So you need to tell him yourself by creating an arm-linux.cache file like this:
glib_cv_stack_grows=no

And then running:
./configure --host=arm-linux --build=i386-linux --cache-file=arm-linux.cache

Of course that is not enough, you need to specify more:
glib_cv_stack_grows=no
glib_cv_uscore=no
ac_cv_func_posix_getgrgid_r=yes
ac_cv_func_posix_getpwuid_r=yes

And then the compilation fails because I don’t have glib-genmarshal in my system, and it’s needed by the build. Normally it’s compiled and run in the build, but now we can’t do that.

All these problems disappear with scratchbox.

Installing scratchbox 1

Many people think it’s difficult to install, but it’s not. Just follow these easy steps:

install

Download the basic packages:
wget -c http://scratchbox.org/download/files/sbox-releases/apophis/tarball/scratchbox-core-1.0.14-i386.tar.gz
wget -c http://scratchbox.org/download/files/sbox-releases/apophis/tarball/scratchbox-libs-1.0.14-i386.tar.gz
wget -c http://scratchbox.org/download/files/sbox-releases/apophis/tarball/scratchbox-devkit-qemu-0.10.0-0sb5-i386.tar.gz
wget -c http://scratchbox.org/download/files/sbox-releases/apophis/tarball/scratchbox-toolchain-cs2007q3-glibc2.5-arm7-1.0.12-9-i386.tar.gz

Extract them:
sudo tar -xf /tmp/sb/scratchbox-core-1.0.14-i386.tar.gz -C /opt
sudo tar -xf /tmp/sb/scratchbox-libs-1.0.14-i386.tar.gz -C /opt
sudo tar -xf /tmp/sb/scratchbox-devkit-qemu-0.10.0-0sb5-i386.tar.gz -C /opt
sudo tar -xf /tmp/sb/scratchbox-toolchain-cs2007q3-glibc2.5-arm7-1.0.12-9-i386.tar.gz -C /opt

Setup scratchbox, and add your user:
sudo /opt/scratchbox/run_me_first.sh
sudo /opt/scratchbox/sbin/sbox_adduser $USER yes

You'll need to re-login to be in the sbox group and have proper permissions:
sudo su $USER

target

Finally, setup an armv7 target (you can have multiple targets inside scratchbox):
/opt/scratchbox/tools/bin/sb-conf setup armv7 --force --compiler="cs2007q3-glibc2.5-arm7" --devkits="qemu" --cputransp="qemu-arm-sb"
/opt/scratchbox/tools/bin/sb-conf select armv7
/opt/scratchbox/tools/bin/sb-conf install armv7 --clibrary --devkits --fakeroot --etc

That's it, you have scratchbox setup I explicitly mentioned all the commands, but instead you can run this script that I wrote.

start

Before running scratchbox you'll need to do some steps as root:
echo 0 > /proc/sys/vm/vdso_enabled
echo 4096 > /proc/sys/vm/mmap_min_addr
/opt/scratchbox/sbin/sbox_ctl start

And then as user:
/opt/scratchbox/login

This will get you to this screen:

Welcome to Scratchbox, the cross-compilation toolkit!

Use 'sb-menu' to change your compilation target.
See /scratchbox/doc/ for documentation.

[sbox-armv7: ~] > 

Now if you want to cross-compile GLib, you do it as in your PC:
./configure && make install

Much easier, now scratchbox does all the magic

Scratchbox 2

Scratchbox 1 serves it's purpose, but there are many corner-cases where things get overly complicated so people came up with a much more elegant approach: Scratchbox 2.

In sb1 you need to login to a target (e.g. armv7, armv6, fremantle, diablo, etc.) in order to do anything, you can use only one target at a time, and each target is independent, in order to share tools between targets you need a devkit. Also, toolchains must be packaged in a special way.

In sb2, you don't login, you can setup any toolchain easily, you can use multiple targets at the same time, and you can configure it to do pretty much anything you want.

QEMU

sb2 doesn't include QEMU, you must have it already, this is how I compile it:
git clone git://git.savannah.nongnu.org/qemu.git
cd qemu
git checkout -b stable v0.10.5
./configure --prefix=/opt/qemu --target-list=arm-linux-user
make install

sbox2

Compile and install like this:
git clone git://anongit.freedesktop.org/git/sbox2
cd sbox2
./configure --prefix=/opt/sb2
make install

Add sb2 to the PATH:
export PATH=/opt/sb2/bin:$PATH

target

Now it's time to configure a target, I have a CodeSourcery toolchain installed on /opt/arm-2008q3, so:
cd /opt/arm-2008q3/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/
sb2-init -c /opt/qemu/bin/qemu-arm armv7 /opt/arm-2008q3/bin/arm-none-linux-gnueabi-gcc

You don't need to log-in, just prefix your commands with sb2 to do the magic:
sb2 ./configure --prefix=/opt/arm/

If you want to use a different target just use the -t option:
sb2 -t armv8 ./configure --prefix=/opt/arm/

How cool is that?